The White House to Kremlin “Hotline” On August 30, 1963, The Kennedy White House announced the creation of a teletype “Hotline” between the Kremlin and the White House. The Hotline was established in the aftermath to the Cuban Missile Crisis – to be used only in an emergency to ensure clear communication between the President and the Soviet Premier. The White House Hotline teletype machine was used for the first time for communication between President Lyndon Johnson and Soviet Premier Alexsei Kosygin during the Six Day War in the Middle East.
Instrument of Surrender of the Japanese in the Philippine Islands
Postwar United States (1945 to early 1970s)
