Certain Federal agencies were particularly active in enforcing the Chinese exclusion laws. Initially the Customs Service took the lead because of the maritime nature of immigration. In 1900 the Office of the Superintendent of Immigration, which had been established in the Department of the Treasury in 1891, became the chief agency responsible for implementing Federal regulations mandated by the Chinese exclusion laws. Both the Chinese Bureau within the Customs Service and the Chinese Division of the INS employed “Chinese” inspectors, people designated to enforce the Chinese exclusion laws. Immigration-related decisions made by these Federal officials were sometimes appealed to Federal courts, which also heard criminal cases involving Chinese alleged to be living in the United States illegally. This document is featured in “The Chinese Exclusion Act: Researching in the National Archives,” available on iBooks.
This letter includes an enclosure of a letter from Walter S. Carter to the Honorable Lyman J. Gage, Secretary of the Treasury, requesting he waive technicalities in the application for the Chinese student. Carter argued that the Chinese Exclusion Act was for the purpose of preventing Chinese laborers from coming to the United States and the student was not a laborer.
