Please use a tablet or desktop computer to use this activity.
In this activity, students will carefully read, record key facts, and then compare and contrast two legal complaints that were filed in the Morgan v. Hennigan civil action lawsuit against the Boston School Committee and other education officials in Massachusetts. The first document (on the left) is the original complaint filed on behalf of the named plaintiffs and all other African American parents and their children who attended the Boston Public Schools. The second document is a complaint in intervention that was filed on behalf of the named intervenors and all other Latino (referred to in context as "Hispanic") parents and their children who attended the Boston Public Schools. Although the Latino intervenors were joining with the original plaintiffs in the lawsuit that alleged deliberate policies of the Boston Public Schools led to segregation, discrimination, and the denial of equal educational opportunities, the specific complaints and remedies sought differ in some areas in the two lawsuits. The activity directs students to read each document carefully and take notes on a series of questions that are designed to help them understand the basic facts of each lawsuit. As a concluding activity, the students are asked to discuss 3-5 key similarities and 3-5 differences between the two lawsuits.
It might be useful to have students review the 13th and 14th Amendments before assigning these documents.
A graphic organizer for taking notes would be helpful for many students. They can draw it themselves using three columns (one for the questions, and two for the documents) or the teacher can supply one.
A few websites with legal definitions that might be useful for pre-teaching contextual legal vocabulary or for use in follow-up activities:
1. Legal definition of "Complaint" and links to related terms: http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/complaint Source: Cornell University Law School's Legal Information Institute
2. Glossary of Civil Terms: http://www.sb-court.org/Divisions/Civil/GlossaryofCivilTerms.aspx Source: Superior Court of California, County of San Bernadino
Suggestions for possible follow-up activities:
Discussion topics:
Did the plaintiffs and intervenors make clear and convincing cases that the Boston Public Schools were deliberately discriminating against students and staff based on race or on language and ethnic or national origin? Explain why or why not using evidence from the texts.
Discuss how the busing of students for desegregation might have impacted bilingual programs.
Is bilingual education (where students are taught subject content in their native language while they learn to speak, read, and write English) the best method for teaching newcomers to the United States who don't speak English?
Connect these lawsuits to other civil rights and education lawsuits.
Research topics:
The laws that the plaintiffs and intervenors used to support their lawsuits.
The outcome of the complaints.
The history of bilingual education in Massachusetts or the United States.
The history of busing in Massachusetts or the United States as a means for desegregating the schools.
5. Whatever happened to .... ? (Various people or organizations named in the lawsuits.)
To the extent possible under law, Sue Doherty has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to "Civil Rights in Education: Legal Complaints in Morgan v. Hennigan".
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